Evaluation of Enzyme Inhibitors in Drug Discovery: A Guide for Medicinal Chemists and Pharmacologists (Methods of Biochemical Analysis)
Publisher: Wiley-Interscience
Number Of Pages: 296
Publication Date: 2005-03-28
Sales Rank: 402011
ISBN / ASIN: 0471686964
EAN: 9780471686965
Binding: Hardcover
Manufacturer: Wiley-Interscience
Studio: Wiley-Interscience
Average Rating: 5
Total Reviews: 2
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posted by culin 132 days ago Table of Contents
1 Why enzymes as drug targets? 1
2 Enzyme reaction mechanisms 21
3 Reversible modes of viagra cialis online pharmacy pharmacy interactions with enzymes 48
4 Assay considerations for compound library screening 82
5 Lead optimization and structure-activity relationships for reversible inhibitors 111
6 Slow binding inhibitors 141
7 Tight binding inhibitors 178
8 Irreversible enzyme inactivators 214
App. 1 Kinetics of biochemical reactions 249
App. 2 Derivation of the enzyme-ligand binding isotherm equation 260
App. 3 Serial dilution schemes 264
Book Description:
Vital information for discovering and optimizing new drugs
"Understanding the data and the experimental details that support it has always been at the heart of good science and the assumption challenging process that leads from good science to drug discovery. This book helps medicinal chemists and pharmacologists to do exactly that in the realm of enzyme inhibitors."
-Paul S. Anderson, PhD
This publication provides readers with a thorough understanding of enzyme-inhibitor evaluation to assist them in their efforts to discover and optimize novel drug therapies. Key topics such as competitive, noncompetitive, and uncompetitive inhibition, slow binding, tight binding, and the use of Hill coefficients to study reaction stoichiometry are all presented. Examples of key concepts are presented with an emphasis on clinical relevance and practical applications.
Targeted to medicinal chemists and pharmacologists, Evaluation of Enzyme Inhibitors in Drug Discovery focuses on the questions that they need to address:
* What opportunities for inhibitor interactions with enzyme targets arise from consideration of the catalytic reaction mechanism?
* How are inhibitors evaluated for potency, selectivity, and mode of action?
* What are the advantages and disadvantages of specific inhibition modalities with respect to efficacy in vivo?
* What information do medicinal chemists and pharmacologists need from their biochemistry and enzymology colleagues to effectively pursue lead optimization?
Beginning with a discussion of the advantages of enzymes as targets for drug discovery, the publication then explores the reaction mechanisms of enzyme catalysis and the types of interactions that can occur between enzyme and inhibitory molecules that lend themselves to
therapeutic use. Next are discussions of mechanistic issues that must be considered when designing enzyme assays for compound library screening and for lead optimization efforts. Finally, the publication delves into special forms of inhibition that are commonly encountered in drug discovery efforts, but can be easily overlooked or misinterpreted.
This publication is designed to provide students with a solid foundation in enzymology and its role in drug discovery. Medicinal chemists and pharmacologists can refer to individual chapters as specific issues arise during the course of their ongoing drug discovery efforts.
Download Description:
The goal of this book is to provide chemists and pharmacologists with the key information they need to answer questions such as: What opportunities for inhibitor interactions with enzyme targets arise from consideration of the catalytic reaction mechanism? How are inhibitors properly evaluated for potency, selectivity, and mode of action? What are the potential advantages and liabilities of specific inhibition modalities with respect to efficacy in vivo? And finally, what information should medicinal chemists and pharmacologist expect from their biochemistry/enzymology colleagues in order to most effectively pursue lead optimization?
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Date: 2007-03-02 Rating: 5
Review:
Enzyme Kinetics
I have found this book very useful. If you have to use enzyme kinetics, and analyze the data, then you really should have this book. That it is recommended by Prof Cornish-Bowden attests to its accuracy.
Personally I find this topic difficult, but this book is well written, and I have a much better understanding of kinetics after getting this book.
Date: 2006-03-10 Rating: 5
Review:
Drug developers need this book
Books and reviews on drug design are often disappointing, but Evaluation of Enzyme Inhibitors in Drug Discovery is excellent; it is a book that should be on the shelves of anyone involved in rational drug development, and available to anyone interested in understanding how successful drugs work. It starts by explaining why enzymes are appropriate targets for a drug design in the first place, and goes on to emphasize that inhibiting an enzyme and producing the intended effect on the whole organism is not a trivial matter. As the author remarks, "dogmatic arguments that lead to a priori predictions of what will work best in a biological context more often than not reflect an incomplete understanding".
If rational drug design is ever to become a reality it will involve knowledge of much more than three-dimensional structure, though this sometimes seems to be the only aspect considered. It
requires, of course, knowledge of the different kinds of inhibition and how the inhibitor affects enzyme activity at different concentrations of substrates and products. In addition, it requires some knowledge of the metabolic context in which the inhibited enzyme is embedded: if it has almost no flux control then inhibiting it — even to a high degree — may have almost no effect on the flux through it (though it may still have large effects on the metabolite concentrations around it). finally it requires understanding of what makes some molecules "drug-like", and others not: it is no use identifying a superb inhibitor of the ideal enzyme if there is no way of delivering it to the target. Copeland deals with all of these points, and others, in an appropriately elementary
way. Apart from giving much more information about inhibition than he did in Enzymes (Wiley-Interscience, 2000), here he takes a more leisurely pace and the book should not offer any serious difficulty to anyone wanting to master the subject.
As the author explains, there is much more to enzyme inhibition than just competitive inhibition: some successful drugs are indeed competitive inhibitors, Methotrexate and Viagra among them, but others are not; Finasteride, for example, used for treating benign hypertrophy of the
prostate, is an uncompetitive inhibitor of steroid 5alpha-reductase. Classifying inhibitors thus needs more than crude measures of IC50 values, and if these are used at all they need to be used in conjunction with knowledge of how they relate to inhibition constants.
Analysis of the kind set out in the book is essential for understanding why enzyme inhibitors work as drugs, but the sceptical reader may wonder how much of it is post hoc rationalization, and how much was actually used for discovering the drugs. Let us consider the 26 enzyme inhibitors that have become successful drugs that are listed in Chapter 1, from Acetazolamide, a
n inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase used to treat glaucoma, to Viagra, an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase that is now familiar to everyone. Modern Drug Discovery claimed in 1998 that "Viagra was discovered using a rational drug design approach", but was it? It was not originally conceived as a drug for treating , and its usefulness for this discovered almost by chance when it was noticed that some men who participated in clinical trials as a treatment for angina pectoris reported unexpected effects. Even as an inhibitor for phosphodiesterase, Viagra was found by making variations on the structure of Zaprinast, a weak inhibitor that had failed to become a useful anti-allergy treatment. There is little in this history to suggest rational drug design.
There are many good points about this book, but it is often difficult to find them, because the index is very poor. For example, there is a discussion of the characteristics of "drug-like" molecules (Lipinski’s rules, etc.), but don’t expect to learn this from the index; the only way to find it is to leaf through the pages. Fortunately it comes early in the book, but there are other equally important and equally secret topics later on. In other respects this is a fine achievement, a book that can be enthusiastically recommended.
